Lay summary
Fertility is controlled by a network of neurons within the brain. Our recent morphological studies have identified a surprising new neuronal circuit within this network that, additionally, is altered in a mouse model of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), the most common form of female infertility. We propose here a series of functional studies using the most advanced technical approaches in neuroscience that will characterise the role of this novel neuronal pathway in the regulation of fertility. As this pathway is implicated in the aetiology of PCOS, a full understanding of its function may provide new insights into the treatment of this condition in the clinic.