Lay summary
Air pollution is recognised as a cause of morbidity but its longer-term and cumulative effects on health are less established. In New Zealand, persistent health inequities exist for Māori who are exposed to poorer environments than non-Māori. Using prospective longitudinal data from a large birth cohort of New Zealanders (n=1,265) we will examine relations between the extent of air pollution exposure from conception to age 40 years and a range of physical (e.g. respiratory disease) and mental health (e.g. depression) and socioeconomic (e.g. education) outcomes. We hypothesise that higher levels of exposure will be associated with poorer outcomes. Exposure is assessed at: conception (1975/76); early-childhood (1981/82); early-adulthood (2001 and 2006); and mid-adulthood (2016). This research advances scientific and public health understanding of the health and socioeconomic impacts of air pollution exposure over the lifecourse. It will also inform cross-sectoral policies on the environmental determinants of health and historical causes of inequity.