Lay summary
Strategies to reduce the prevalence of obesity have largely been unsuccessful. Therefore, reducing co-morbidities associated with obesity, such as heart disease, are vital. Inflammation and impaired blood vessel function associated with obesity have been implicated in the progression of these diseases. Simple interventions involving the inclusion of foods with known health benefits are required. Recent evidence suggests regular nut consumption may reduce inflammation along with other risk factors for chronic disease. Promoting the inclusion of nuts in the diet provides a simple, positive health message. Current guidelines recommending the daily consumption of 30g of nuts are based on their cholesterol-lowering properties. Studies are lacking regarding the quantity of nuts required to confer these additional health benefits. This study will compare the effects of incorporating hazelnuts at two different doses (30 g/d, 60 g/d) with a diet without nuts on markers of chronic disease in ninety overweight and obese individuals.